Temperatures from 40 to 50 degrees below zero in wind chill is in
cause of Cattle stress as stated following The Effects of Cold Stress
on Cattle
Sam Barringer, D.V.M.
WVU Extension Service
Veterinary Science Specialist
When temperatures begin to drop into the single digits, farmers should
stop to think about the effect that severe cold weather willhave on
herd health. The bovine can be very tolerant of cold temperatures. The
cow that has a good winter hair coat, adequate body condition, and
readily availablefeed and water can withstand cold extremes that would
be fatal to a human. However, even if the cow temporarily withstands
these extremes she will pay a price. The price can range from loss of
body condition to death from hypothermia.
What is hypothermia? Hypothermia is defined as the lowering of body
core temperature below normal values. Mild hypothermia would occur
when the body temperature is in the range of 86-89 degree Fahrenheit.
Moderate hypothermia occurs at 71-85 degrees, and profound hypothermia
occurs under 50 degrees. At a rectal temperature under 82 degrees, the
bovine can no longer return to normal temperature without externalheat
and warmed fluid therapy.
The environmental temperature at which the cow will begin to
experience hypothermia will vary. Short hair coats, high winds, and
wet cattle will amplify the actual environmental temperature and
induce hypothermia sooner. As hypothermia sets in, all metabolic and
physiologic processes begin to slow. Blood is shunted away from the
extremities in an attempt to protect vital organs. Frostbite of the
teats and ear tips will occur at this stage. As hypothermia
progresses, respiration rate and heart rate decrease and blood
pressure drops. Eventually, the cowloses consciousness and death is
imminent if rewarming does not occur.
In most cases if windbreaks and adequate nutrition are provided,
hypothermia can be avoided. However, additional health problemsshould
be considered in the winter. Cattle are good weather predictors and
will change eating habits beforea large storm. Research has shown that
cattle will increase grazing activity prior to a storm, ingest little
feed during the storm, and increase grazing activity after the storm.
If the cattle are on high-quality pasture, this will increase the
chances for bloat.
Make sure that water is available. Ifwater is not supplied, cattle
will reduce feed intake. Also, water deprivation followed by intake of
saline water or of feed containing salt can lead to salt poisoning.
Saltpoisoning occurs after the water troughs freeze and the animals
become dehydrated. When the troughs thaw, the cattle ingest large
quantities of water. If the water has a high saline content or the
cattle take in free choice mineral salt, poisoning can occur. Cattle
with salt poisoning will have diarrhea and abdominal pain and will
refuse to eat. Often they will be blind or staggering with a
characteristic knuckling of the fetlock. Most of these cattle will die
even after fresh water is supplied.
A WIND CHILL WARNING IS NOW IN EFFECT UNTILNOON CST FRIDAY.* DANGEROUS
WIND CHILLS WILL CONTINUE ACROSS THE DEVILS LAKE BASIN INTO TONIGHT
AND FRIDAY MORNING.* WIND CHILL VALUES...ARE EXPECTED TO RANGE FROM 40
BELOW TO 50 BELOW ZERO OVERNIGHT.PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS
ACTIONS...A WIND CHILL WARNING MEANS THE COMBINATION OF VERY COLD AIR
ANDWINDS WILL CREATE DANGEROUSLY LOW WIND CHILLS.FROST BITE
ORHYPOTHERMIA OR DEATH CAN OCCUR IF PRECAUTIONS ARE NOT TAKEN. IFYOU
VENTURE OUTDOORS...MAKE SURE YOU WEAR APPROPRIATE CLOTHING...INCLUDING
HAT AND GLOVES.
.NORTHWEST NORTH DAKOTA...CITY SKY/WX TMP DP RH WIND
PRES REMARKSWILLISTON CLEAR -10 -19 64 W7 30.23F
WCI -25MINOT CLEAR -12 -21 64W14 30.23F WCI
-34MINOT AFB CLEAR -13 -21 65 W12 30.23F WCI
-33$$NDZ018>021-031>035-040>046-010000-...SOUTHWEST NORTH
DAKOTA...CITY SKY/WX TMP DP RH WIND PRES
REMARKSBISMARCK CLEAR -7 -17 62 NW13 30.28S WCI
-27DICKINSON CLEAR -5 -15 62 W13 30.14S WCI
-24GARRISON N/A -11 -19 68NW10 30.23F WCI
-30HETTINGER CLEAR -1 -12 59 W13 30.16S WCI
-19$$NDZ004>008-012>016-024-026-027-054-010000-...NORTHEAST NORTH
DAKOTA...CITY SKY/WX TMP DP RH WIND PRES
REMARKSGRAND FORKS PTCLDY -10 -21 58 NW15 30.26S WCI
-32GRAND FORKS AF PTCLDY -12 -22 60 N12 30.28S WCI -33DEVILS
LAKE CLEAR -15 N/A N/A W16 30.20F WCI
-39$$NDZ022-023-025-028>030-036>039-047>053-010000-...SOUTHEAST NORTH
DAKOTA...CITY SKY/WX TMP DP RH WIND PRES
REMARKSJAMESTOWN CLEAR -10 -20 61 NW17 30.24R WCI
-34FARGO PTCLDY -8 -18 59NW15 30.30R WCI -29WAHPETON
CLEAR -9 -18 64 NW13 30.29S WCI -30$$S$
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